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Compare Declarative Frameworks

Choose up-to 3 frameworks and learn how they compare to each other.

Jetpack Compose

SwiftUI

Flutter

React

Vue.js

Concept

Vue.js

Flutter

Jetpack Compose

Creating a new Component

Components are the reusable building blocks of your application. They are the most basic UI elements and can be used to build more complex components.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <div>{{ displayString }}</div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';

const props = defineProps({
  displayString: String
});
</script>

Flutter

dart

class MyComponent extends StatelessWidget {
  final String displayString;

  MyComponent({required this.displayString});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text(displayString);
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun MyComponent(
    displayString: String
) {
    Text(displayString)
}

Conditional Rendering

Conditional rendering is a technique used to display different UI components or content based on certain conditions, such as the value of a variable or the outcome of a boolean expression.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <p v-if="condition">Condition is true</p>
  <p v-else>Condition is false</p>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';

const props = defineProps({
  condition: Boolean
});
</script>

Flutter

dart

class ConditionalComponent extends StatelessWidget {
  final bool condition;

  ConditionalComponent({required this.condition});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if(condition) {
      return Text("Condition is true");
    } else {
      return Text("Condition is false");
    }
  }
}

// Usage
ConditionalComponent(condition: true)

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun ConditionalComponent(condition: Boolean) {
    if (condition) {
        Text("Condition is true")
    } else {
        Text("Condition is false")
    }
}

// Usage
ConditionalComponent(condition = true)

Prop/Parameter Drilling

Prop/Parameter drilling is a technique where data is passed through multiple layers of components in the component hierarchy, often from a parent component to a deeply nested child component, via props or parameters.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <intermediate-component :data="data" />
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
import IntermediateComponent from './IntermediateComponent.vue';

const props = defineProps({
  data: String
});
</script>

Flutter

dart

class Parent extends StatelessWidget {
  final String data;

  Parent({required this.data});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return IntermediateComponent(data: data);
  }
}

class IntermediateComponent extends StatelessWidget {
  final String data;

  IntermediateComponent({required this.data});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ChildComponent(data: data);
  }
}

class ChildComponent extends StatelessWidget {
  final String data;

  ChildComponent({required this.data});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text("Received data: $data");
  }
}

// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun Parent(data: String) {
    IntermediateComponent(data = data)
}

@Composable
fun IntermediateComponent(data: String) {
    ChildComponent(data = data)
}

@Composable
fun ChildComponent(data: String) {
    Text("Received data: $data")
}

// Usage
Parent(data = "Some data")

Responding to events

Responding to events involves handling user interactions, such as button clicks or text input changes, and updating the component's state or triggering side effects accordingly.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <button @click="setClicked">
    {{ clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me" }}
  </button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';

const clicked = ref(false);

function setClicked() {
  clicked.value = true;
}
</script>

Flutter

dart

class ClickableComponent extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ClickableComponentState createState() => _ClickableComponentState();
}

class _ClickableComponentState extends State<ClickableComponent> {
  bool clicked = false;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return RaisedButton(
      onPressed: () => setState(() => clicked = true),
      child: Text(clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me"),
    );
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun ClickableComponent() {
    var clicked by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }

    Button(onClick = { clicked = true }) {
        Text(if (clicked) "Button clicked" else "Click me")
    }
}

Handing user input

Handling user input involves capturing and processing user interactions with input fields, such as text fields, sliders, or checkboxes, and updating the component's state or triggering side effects based on the input.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <input
    type="text"
    v-model="text"
    placeholder="Enter text"
  />
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';

const text = ref('');
</script>

Flutter

dart

class TextInputComponent extends StatefulWidget {
  const TextInputComponent({super.key});

  @override
  State<TextInputComponent> createState() => _TextInputComponentState();
}

class _TextInputComponentState extends State<TextInputComponent> {
  late final _controller = TextEditingController(text: "");

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return TextField(
      controller: _controller,
      decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: "Enter text"),
    );
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun TextInputComponent() {
    var text by remember { mutableStateOf("") }

    TextField(
        value = text,
        onValueChange = { newText -> text = newText },
        label = { Text("Enter text") }
    )
}

Previewing a Component

Creating a preview of a component involves displaying a visual representation of the component in the development environment to help with the design and layout process.

Vue.js

Vue.js doesn't have a built-in preview feature. However, you can use a tool like Storybook to create previews for your components in a separate development environment.

Flutter

Flutter doesn't have a built-in preview feature. You can, however, create a separate app or run your app in an emulator or on a device to view your components. Additionally, you can use the Flutter Studio web-based tool to create and preview Flutter widgets in a browser.

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun ExampleComponent() {
    Text("Hello, World!")
}

@Preview(showBackground = true)
@Composable
fun ExampleComponentPreview() {
    ExampleComponent()
}

Additionally, you can also use Showkase, an open source library by Airbnb that allows you to view themes preview functions in an auto-generated component browser that can be viewed on an Android device.

Lists & Looping

Lists and looping involve rendering a dynamic number of components based on the length of a list or array, iterating over the list, and generating a UI component for each item.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <ul>
    <li v-for="item in items" :key="item">
      {{ item }}
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';

const props = defineProps({
  items: Array
});
</script>

<!-- Usage -->
<list-component :items="['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3']"></list-component>

Flutter

dart

class ListComponent extends StatelessWidget {
  final List<String> items;

  ListComponent({required this.items});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      itemCount: items.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        return ListTile(title: Text(items[index]));
      },
    );
  }
}

// Usage
final items = ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"];
ListComponent(items: items)

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun ListComponent(items: List<String>) {
    LazyColumn {
        items(items) { item ->
            Text(item)
        }
    }
}

// Usage
val items = listOf("Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3")
ListComponent(items = items)

List item keys

List Item Keys are unique identifiers assigned to each list item in declarative UI frameworks to help manage and update list elements efficiently. Using List Item Keys enables the framework to optimize the rendering process, minimizing unnecessary updates and improving overall performance.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <ul>
    <li v-for="person in items" :key="person.id">
      Name: {{ person.name }}, Age: {{ person.age }}
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';

const props = defineProps({
  items: Array
});
</script>

<!-- Usage -->
<item-keys-example
  :items="[
    { name: 'John', age: 30, id: '1' },
    { name: 'Jane', age: 28, id: '2' },
    { name: 'Bob', age: 25, id: '3' }
  ]"
></item-keys-example>

Flutter

dart

class Person {
  final String name;
  final int age;
  final String id;

  Person({required this.name, required this.age, required this.id});
}

class ItemKeysExample extends StatelessWidget {
  final List<Person> items;

  ItemKeysExample({required this.items});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ListView.builder(
      itemCount: items.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        final person = items[index];
        return ListTile(
          key: Key(person.id),
          title: Text('Name: ${person.name}, Age: ${person.age}'),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

// Usage
ItemKeysExample(items: [Person(name: 'John', age: 30, id: '1'), Person(name: 'Jane', age: 28, id: '2'), Person(name: 'Bob', age: 25, id: '3')])

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int, val id: String)

@Composable
fun ItemKeysExample(items: List<Person>) {
    LazyColumn {
        items(items, key = { person -> person.id }) { person ->
            Text("Name: ${person.name}, Age: ${person.age}")
        }
    }
}

Slot APIs

Slot APIs refer to a technique where components have customizable parts or 'slots' that can be filled with content when the component is being used. This allows for greater reusability and flexibility in composing user interfaces. The content that fills these slots can be other components or simple UI elements like text or images.

Vue.js

javascript

// ParentComponent.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <slot name="header"></slot>
    <slot name="content"></slot>
  </div>
</template>

// ChildComponent.vue
<template>
  <p>Child Content</p>
</template>

// Usage
<parent-component>
  <template v-slot:header>
    <h1>Header</h1>
  </template>
  <template v-slot:content>
    <child />
  </template>
</parent-component>

Flutter

dart

class Parent extends StatelessWidget {
  final Widget header;
  final Widget content;

  Parent({required this.header, required this.content});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      children: [
        header,
        content,
      ],
    );
  }
}

// Usage
Parent(
  header: Text("Header"),
  content: Child(),
)

class Child extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Text("Child Content");
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun Parent(
    header: @Composable () -> Unit,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    Column {
        header()
        content()
    }
}

// Usage
Parent(
    header = { Text("Header") },
    content = { Child() }
)

@Composable
fun Child() {
    Text("Child Content")
}

Modifiers

Modifiers are used to adjust or configure the UI elements' appearance or behavior in a declarative UI framework.

Vue.js

Vue.js doesn't have a direct analog to modifiers in Jetpack Compose or SwiftUI. Instead, you can use inline styles or CSS classes.

javascript

<template>
  <div :style="style">Hello, World!</div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue';

const style = reactive({
  padding: '16px',
  backgroundColor: 'blue',
  color: 'white'
});
</script>

Flutter

In Flutter, you can wrap widgets with other widgets to achieve similar effects.

dart

class ModifiersExample extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
      color: Colors.blue,
      child: Text('Hello, World!', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white)),
    );
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun ModifiersExample() {
    Text(
        "Hello, World!",
        modifier = Modifier
            .padding(16.dp)
            .background(Color.Blue)
    )
}

State

State management refers to the process of handling and updating the internal state of components, often in response to user interactions or other events.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <button @click="incrementCount">
    Count: {{ count }}
  </button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';

const count = ref(0);

function incrementCount() {
  count.value++;
}
</script>

Flutter

dart

class Counter extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _CounterState createState() => _CounterState();
}

class _CounterState extends State<Counter> {
  int count = 0;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return RaisedButton(
      onPressed: () => setState(() => count += 1),
      child: Text("Count: $count"),
    );
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun Counter() {
    var count by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }

    Button(onClick = { count = count + 1 }) {
        Text("Count: $count")
    }
}

Scoped Data Propagation

Scoped Data Propagation is a technique that involves passing data across multiple levels of a component subtree without having to explicitly pass it through every intermediate component. It helps reduce the complexity of prop drilling and allows for a more efficient way of sharing data in a specific scope.

Vue.js

javascript

<!-- ParentComponent.vue -->
<template>
  <intermediate />
</template>

<script setup>
import { provide, ref } from 'vue';
import Intermediate from './IntermediateComponent.vue';

const data = ref('Some data');
provide('dataKey', data);
</script>

<!-- IntermediateComponent.vue -->
<template>
  <child />
</template>

<script setup>
import Child from './ChildComponent.vue';
</script>

<!-- ChildComponent.vue -->
<template>
  <p>Received data: {{ data }}</p>
</template>

<script setup>
import { inject } from 'vue';

const data = inject('dataKey');
</script>


<!-- Usage -->
<parent-component data="Some data"></parent-component>

Flutter

dart

class CustomInheritedWidget extends InheritedWidget {
  final String data;

  CustomInheritedWidget({required this.data, required Widget child})
      : super(child: child);

  @override
  bool updateShouldNotify(CustomInheritedWidget oldWidget) {
    return oldWidget.data != data;
  }

  static CustomInheritedWidget of(BuildContext context) {
    return context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<CustomInheritedWidget>()!;
  }
}

class Parent extends StatelessWidget {
  final String data;

  Parent({required this.data});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return CustomInheritedWidget(
      data: data,
      child: Intermediate(),
    );
  }
}

class Intermediate extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Child();
  }
}

class Child extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final data = CustomInheritedWidget.of(context).data;
    return Text("Received data: $data");
  }
}

// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

val CustomLocal = compositionLocalOf<String> { "Default data" }

@Composable
fun Parent(data: String) {
    CompositionLocalProvider(CustomLocal provides data) {
        Intermediate()
    }
}

@Composable
fun Intermediate() {
    Child()
}

@Composable
fun Child() {
    val data = CustomLocal.current
    Text("Received data: $data")
}

// Usage
Parent(data = "Some data")

Side Effects

A side effect involves executing code that can have external consequences or perform operations that are not directly related to rendering the UI, such as making network requests or updating external data sources.

Vue.js

javascript

<template>
  <div></div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { onMounted } from 'vue';

onMounted(() => {
  // Perform side effect here
});
</script>

Flutter

dart

class SideEffectOnLoadComponent extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SideEffectOnLoadComponentState createState() => _SideEffectOnLoadComponentState();
}

class _SideEffectOnLoadComponentState extends State<SideEffectOnLoadComponent> {
  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    // Perform side effect, e.g. fetch data, update external data source
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // Other UI components
    return Container();
  }
}

Jetpack Compose

kotlin

@Composable
fun SideEffectOnLoadComponent() {
    LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
        // Perform side effect, e.g. fetch data, update external data source
    }

    // Other UI components
    Text("Hello, World!")
}

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